Background and Aim: Different surgical techniques have been proposed for crown EXPOSURE among patients under orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate periodontal indices in closed flap operation technique used for IMPACTED teeth crown EXPOSURE.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study (2001-2003) 20 patients (15 females and 5 males), age ranging from 15 to 20 years, were participated. Following the performance of closed flap operation technique, in 12 patients IMPACTED CANINE and central incisors were exposed and treated orthodontically. Periodontal parameters including sulcular depth, width of keratinized gingiva and attachment loss were recorded. Results: The mean of gingival sulcus depth was 1.50±0.43, the means of keratinized gingival in central incisors and CANINEs were 3.07±0.53 and 2.30±0.42, respectively. In one patient, attachment loss was reported.Conclusion: Considering the optimal sulcular depth and keratinized gingiva, the closed flap operation technique seems suitable.

Background and aim: IMPACTED CANINEs require a combination of both surgical and orthodontic management. In this study 80 consecutively-treated patients with bone-IMPACTED CANINEs of the hard palate were evaluated to assess which radiographic or clinical factors influenced the EXPOSURE and movement of IMPACTED maxillary permanent CANINEs from the hard palate into the alveolar arch.Materials and Methods: This study assessed records of 80 patients treated surgically and orthodontically to align 146 bone- IMPACTED CANINEs of the hard palate. Potential influential factors (such as age, abnormality of the root, angulation of the CANINE and ratio of root formation upon admission) were documented. Radiographic records, documented clinical parameters and demographic data were assessed. The following measurements of CANINE position were made from the panoramic radiograph: 1- Angulation to the midline, 2- Ratio of root formation, , 3-Overlap of the adjacent incisor and 4-Apparent root anomaly or dilaceration. Whether the IMPACTED CANINE had responded to surgical EXPOSURE and was orthodontically-aligned, or surgically removed and discarded was also recorded. The data was analyzed to assess to correlate significance.Results: 80 patients aged 11 to 24 (19 males and 61 females) with bone-IMPACTED permanent CANINEs of the hard palate were treated from 1994 to 2007 were chosen.all 80 patients had responded to surgical EXPOSURE and were orthodontically-aligned.none of patients had to have their IMPACTED CANINE tooth surgically removed. Data analysis showed that the angulation of the crown to the midline and abnormality of the root influenced the treatment result..It also showed that the overlap of the adjacent incisor via the CANINE influenced the treatment result.Additionally, as the CANINE angulation to the midline increased, the CANINE was more likely to be removed (P< 0.001). The result also showed that the antero-posterior position of the CANINE did not influence the treatment result.Conclusion: Bone- IMPACTED CANINEs of the hard palate are more likely to respond to surgical EXPOSURE and orthodontic management if angulation to the midline is lower than 45 on the orthopantomogram. orthodontic alignment of an IMPACTED upper permanent CANINE, based on radiographic and clinical information, seems to be more successful if the angulation of the IMPACTED CANINE is lower than 45, the abnormality of the root does not exist and the overlap of the adjacent incisor via CANINE decreases to level 1 or 2 or does not exist at all.

Introduction: The anterior open bite is a multifactorial malocclusion and a challenge between orthodontists. Based on the origin, divided in two types as dental and skeletal, and appear in the anterior or posterior segments, (unilateral or bilateral). Dental open-bite in the most of patients have environmental etiologic factor such as oral habits, tongue trust, mouth breathing, large tongue. In skeletal type, excessive vertical growth of the maxilla is etiologic factor and accompany with downward-backward rotation of the mandible. Case Report: The case was a 27 years woman with an anterior open bite and unilateral IMPACTED upper CANINE and congenital missing of lower 2nd premolar in the left side and retained 2nd lower deciduous molar and upper CANINE in the left side. She consulted for orthodontic treatment in Tehran Dental School of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in October of 2017. The Orthodontic treatment was down with MBT slot 22 system (USA. Orthoorganizer, inc) for apply extrusive force on IMPACTED upper CANINE in left side with auxiliary 014 ss, segmented arch wire. loop arch wire technique with 16 × 22 ss rectangular continuous arch wire was used for space closing in extraction site and correction overbite. The extracted teeth were right lower 2nd premolar and left 2nd deciduous molar and 1st premolars in upper arch. As recommended advancement genioplasty for correction chin deficiency the patient refused it. Conclusion: In this technique we used Orthodontic treatment alone instead of Orthognathic surgery for open bite correction.

Tooth impaction is defined as a partial or complete eruption of a tooth regarding the eruption time. Hereby, we present an infectious CANINE in a 38-year-old man that primarily presented with chest pain and dyspnea. After two days, he demonstrated a painful swelling and erythema of the face, severe perspiration, nasal congestion, and pleural effusion. The patient was diagnosed with acute bronchitis, mucormycosis, and nasal septum abscess, leading to unnecessary antibiotic therapy and lack of treatment response. After oral and maxillofacial surgery consultation, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revealed an IMPACTED and infectious CANINE that was surgically extracted. Due to lack of desired response to treatment, he underwent CBCT after oral and maxillofacial surgery consultation. An IMPACTED and infectious CANINE was detected, which was surgically extracted. Three days later, his symptoms significantly improved, and he was discharged with a stable general condition.

Aim: CANINE teeth have a significant impact on the order and proper function of other teeth. CANINE impaction can have negative esthetic and functional effects. This study investigated the success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of maxillary CANINE teeth according to age, sex, and type of impaction in Shahrekord city, Iran.Methods: In this retrospective study, panoramic radiographs of 112 patients who had initiated their orthodontic treatment at least 2 years earlier and had completed it by 2023 were evaluated. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were also used when necessary to assess the details. The type, depth, and angle of erupted and IMPACTED CANINE teeth were determined. The data were analyzed by the Fisher's exact test and t-test.Results: IMPACTED CANINEs successfully erupted in 72 patients (64.3%). Palatal impaction was more common (71.4%) than buccal impaction (28.6%). Regarding the impaction depth, type C had the highest frequency (63.4%), followed by type B (30.4%), and type A (6.3%). There was no significant correlation between the gender of patients and success rate of assisted eruption (P>0.05), but age and type of impaction were correlated with the success rate (P<0.05). The erupted CANINE teeth had a significantly higher mean angle relative to the occlusal plane compared with non-erupted teeth (P<0.05).Conclusion: The success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of IMPACTED maxillary CANINE teeth was high, and patients in the age range of 15 to 18 years with grade II impaction showed the highest success rate of orthodontically-assisted eruption of IMPACTED CANINE teeth.

Introduction: CANINE impaction is a common occurrence. In this study, we sought to investigate the root anatomy and length of IMPACTED CANINEs and lateral incisor adjacent to IMPACTED maxillary CANINE.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, three-dimensional tomographic imaging was performed on 26 patients with unilateral maxillary CANINE impaction. In this study, we evaluated root length and anatomy of IMPACTED CANINEs, in terms of resorption intensity and curvature, with Planmeca Romexis Viewer 4.0. Furthermore, crown shape as well as root length and anatomy of the lateral incisors adjacent to IMPACTED CANINEs were investigated and compared with the other side on the dental arch, where CANINE eruption was normal.Results: Root length of IMPACTED CANINEs was significantly lower than that of normal CANINEs (P=0.011). There were no significant differences between root length of lateral incisors adjacent to IMPACTED CANINEs and root length of lateral incisors adjacent to normal CANINEs (P=0.221). Moreover, the resorption intensity of the adjacent lateral incisors was higher than that of the IMPACTED CANINEs. No significant differences were noted in root resorption intensity between the lateral incisors adjacent to the imacted CANINEs and the lateral incisors adjacent to normal CANINEs (P=0.36). In addition, resorption intensity was significantly higher in IMPACTED CANINEs than in normal CANINEs (P=0.024). Root anatomy of IMPACTED CANINEs was not significantly different from that of normal CANINEs (P=0.055). The crown shape of the lateral incisors adjacent to IMPACTED CANINEs was not significantly different from that of the lateral incisors adjacent to normal CANINEs (P=0.052).Conclusion: Impaction can probably affect root length and CANINE resorption severity. However, root and crown shape of lateral incisors cannot always be associated with CANINE impaction.

Background and purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the position of IMPACTED CANINE and associated follicular width. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study, included CBCT archival images (n=70) in a maxillofacial imaging center in Sari, Iran. The images were studied by Planmeca Romexis Viewer ver. 3. 8. 2. Variables were determined and any relationship was investigated. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS V22. Results: Findings showed that 61. 43% of the CANINEs were in palatal position, 28. 57% were in central position of the alveolar process and 10% were in buccal position. Also, the frequencies of vertical position of the CANINE cusp tip IMPACTED in coronal 1/3, apical 2/3, and cervical region of the lateral incisor root were 50. 86%, 40%, and 7. 14%, respectively, and there were mild and severe root resorption in 28. 57% and 2. 86% of the cases, respectively. Conclusion: CANINE impaction often occurs in the palatal position relative to the bone crest and the risk of its occurrence increases with increase in the distance of the CANINE from the midline and increase in the size of the follicle. This phenomenon, which is reported more in women, can eventually lead to root resorption of the lateral incisor tooth.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technique considering its reliability to diagnose resorption due to maxillary IMPACTED CANINE. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 68 CBCT images were observed by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The position of the IMPACTED maxillary CANINE was assessed, and the severity of root resorption in adjacent teeth was determined in two rounds by viewing. Finally, statistical analyses were performed according to the percentage of agreement, intra-class correlation coefficient, and kappa. The data sheets were filled out by two radiologists who observed the CBCT images in two separate weeks and recorded their opinions about the position of the crown and root of the IMPACTED maxillary CANINE. Further, four adjacent teeth were examined for root resorption. Results: In most cases, no root resorption was observed in the lateral, central, and first premolars,however, the reported percentage of root resorption in the lateral premolar was higher than that of the others, and no root resorption was reported in the second premolars. Agreement on crown and root position was reported to be above 90% in all observations. In addition, the percentage of agreement was 98. 5%, 95. 6%, 98. 5%, and 100% for root resorption, central incisor, lateral incisor, the first premolar, and the second premolar, respectively. Maxillary IMPACTED CANINEs were examined considering root resorption in adjacent teeth using CBCT, and its interpretation was reliable. Conclusions: Utilization of CBCT provides a worthy data about the IMPACTED maxillary CANINE localization and effects on adjacent teeth, for more explanation and treatment of these cases.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of panoramic radiography and the buccal object rule in intraoral periapical radiography for localization of IMPACTED maxillary CANINE teeth.Methods: A total of 20 panoramic radiographs depicting 28 displaced maxillary CANINEs were evaluated. The ratio of the mesiodistal width of the IMPACTED CANINE to the mesiodistal width of the ipsilateral central incisor was calculated and referred to as the CANINE-incisor index (CII). The height of the crown of each displaced CANINE was classified in vertical plane relative to the adjacent incisor as apical, middle or coronal.Position of IMPACTED maxillary CANINEs was also determined on two periapical radiographs using the buccal object rule. Surgical EXPOSURE and direct observation of IMPACTED teeth were later performed and served as the gold standard. The data were analyzed using SPSS and t-test.Results: There was an overlap in the CII range of the buccally (0.78-1.48) and palatally (1.15-1.75) positioned IMPACTED CANINEs. When considering the height factor in the middle and coronal zones, a significant difference was noted between the CII of buccally (0.78-1.1) and palatally (1.15-1.75) positioned teeth enabling determination of their buccolingual orientation (P<0.05).Conclusion: For the IMPACTED maxillary CANINEs located in the middle and coronal zones (90% of cases), the CII of 1.15 and higher represents palatal impaction while the CII smaller than 1.15 represents buccal impaction.